Uncapping the House means repealing the Permanent Apportionment Act of 1929. The act was written at a time when our population was booming. After the 1920 census, which was the first to record more than 100 million people, and the first to record more people living in urban areas than rural ones, Congress struggled to write a new apportionment bill. The combination of a shifting and growing population created friction in the process. Some states were worried about losing representation, and other members were concerned about the effects of immigration on representation. Others thought the size of the House was already too large and unruly, having argued about it since the 1890s.

Since the cap in 1929, the population has tripled, making what was once a large, representative legislative body a very small, unrepresentative one compared to the population it serves. This is a major reason the system feels broken. With such a small legislative body, each member’s power is greater, and each citizen’s vote is less influential. The distance between the citizen and the representative strains communication and makes it harder to hold the representative accountable if they fail to fulfill their responsibilities.

Yes. But it would require modernization and reconfiguration.

As noted in an article in The Washington Post, Danielle Allen has explained that the current size of the House chamber reflects 20th-century choices, not constitutional limits. The chamber was last expanded in 1913, and the permanent cap of 435 members dates to 1929, when the U.S. population was less than one-third of today’s.

The United States Capitol has been repeatedly renovated and expanded over time, including the addition of office buildings and underground facilities. Options to accommodate a larger House include:

• Reconfiguring seating layouts

• Using electronic voting and updated chamber design

• Modifying the House floor footprint

• Conducting some proceedings through hybrid or remote systems

In short, yes, but with some reengineering. 

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